Introduction In his seminal book, The Origin of Species, Charles Darwin proposed the theory of descent with modification by means of natural selection, a postulate he supported with considerable evidence from myriad observations and exhaustive experimentation. Darwin’s powerful insights can be summarized as follows: Offspring vary from their parents. Some of the variances are heritable. Only a fraction of the total offspring of any organism survives to themselves reproduce. Those heritable variances that are advantageous to an organism are “selected for” by the environment and those that are disadvantageous are “deleted” by the environment. This differential survival is known as…