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Science Studies and its Mea Culpas

Note that this piece was written to accompany an excellent radio documentary series produced by the award winning Cited, and called “Technocracy and its Discontents.” Click here to catch the first episode, “The Science Wars”. * * * There has been something rather strange happening in a marginal corner of the humanities called science studies. Science studies is claiming itself responsible for creating our ‘post-truth’ political climate. These left-wing scholars are reckoning with the uncomfortable possibility that their sophisticated sociological investigations of science enabled climate denialism, Donald Trump, and the Brexit campaign (Fuller, 2018; Latour, 2004). What are we to make…

The Journey of Kale: Why What We Eat Matters

ORIGIN STORY: MY FRIDGE This afternoon I opened my fridge, pulled out the crisper drawer, and grabbed a bundle of kale to add to my lunch. With this seemingly routine activity, I noticed for the first time that my kale bore a label for “Joe Heger Farms”. Who is Joe Heger? A quick google search revealed that Joe Heger, his farm, and my kale’s birthplace were over 2,500 km south of the border in El Centro, California. Somehow, they had found their way to my table in Vancouver, British Columbia. The marvel of being an eater in twenty-first century North…

COVID-19 für Kinder Erklärt

(English | Español | 中文 | 한국어) * * * Beginnen wir mal hiermit: Dieses Wort hast du wahrscheinlich schon viel gehört. Die Erwachsenen reden im Moment ständig davon. Aber es ist für dich sicher auch ein etwas rätselhaftes Wort. Dieses seltsame Wort kann man auf viele verschiedene Arten erklären. Das, was dahintersteckt, ist der Grund, warum jetzt gerade so viele Menschen zuhause bleiben müssen. Es ist der Grund, warum deine Schule vielleicht gerade noch zu ist, und warum du nicht mit deinen Freunden spielen darfst. Es ist auch der Grund, warum man dir ständig sagt, du sollst die Hände…

新冠肺炎 (COVID-19)儿童科普知识

(Deutsch  | English | Español | 한국어) * * * 让我们从这个词开始: 新冠肺炎, 这个词可能是近日来孩子们从大人那听到最多的一个词, 也可能 对你来说有点儿神秘感。 事实上, 有很多办法解释一个新词, 但我们就从为什么 现在有很多人要呆在家里?为什么学校关门?为什么不能和好朋友一起玩儿? 还有为什么爱你的人要一直告诉你好好洗手?还要特别关心祖父母们? COVID-19 是一种能使人得病的东西。这种东西叫做病毒。 事实上病毒有很多种类型。 就像是有很多种类型的鸟,比如: 鸭子,小鸡 还有猫头鹰。 病毒也有很多种, 只不过在学校可能还没有学到它。 病毒实际上无所不在。 大多数病毒对人类并无伤害。 但不幸的是, 有几种我们常听说的可使人致病。 例如: 引起普通感冒的鼻病毒 Rhinovirus, 引起流行性感冒的流感病毒 Influenza Virus. 这种COVID-19 新冠肺炎, 是由 冠状病毒引起。 让我们看看COVID-19 名字的由来吧 很有趣吧? 现在我们知道了COVID-19 来由。 它是一种病, 可以让人得的病,是一种由病毒引起的病。 这是一种特别的冠状病毒,最初是科学家在2019 年发现的。 病毒非常非常小。小到我们用肉眼无法看到。一般的显微镜也不行。而且它们也很奇怪。 甚至科学家也无法断定它们是死的还是活的, 或者介于两者之间。 它们不会长大, 也不会呼吸,也不在乎生存环境, 自己不会行走,不吃东西。 事实上只有一件事它们可以做,就是复制它自己(从这点看它们像是活的)。但又不完全像,有点像其它能传宗接代 的 生物。 所以病毒依靠复制可以制造更多病毒(virus)。 无论如何,病毒要想复制病毒, 总是需要一个地方。对于 新冠肺炎病毒 COVID-19来说, 这个特殊的地方就是人体。其实它最喜欢 的是人的鼻腔 和肺。 不幸的是病毒进入这些地方就开始复制它们自己了。 当一个人病了,也就是新冠肺炎病毒在它们喜欢呆的地方搞得一团糟, 比如肺部。 这也就是为什么听大人们说,得了新冠肺炎病开始时像感冒, 出现发热,流鼻涕,咳嗽 还有恶心呕吐等症状。也有部分人,得了新冠肺炎 COVID-19, 但没有任何症状。这些人更危险。到目前为止,老人比较容易感染此病。   * * * 尽管它们非常非常的小,如果画出来得话 像这样: 这个圆球的表面是油脂的,还有很多棘突(spike)突起。圆球的内部有螺旋式的遗传指令结构 (instructions)。 下面着重谈几点: 首先,当人们谈论去检测是否感染了COVID-19, 实际是在做一个科学实验。 这个实验就是看是否有这个遗传指令结构。 如果检测出有和COVID-19 一样的指令结构, 那就是阳性反应(也就是说,此人带有这个病毒。这并不是目前唯一的检测方法,而是比较好的方法。 现在,我们看一下棘突, 科学家对它很感兴趣。 因为新冠肺炎病毒用它的棘突去辨识和找到人的鼻腔和肺, 就好像有感觉式的。一旦找到了会高兴的说“我可以呆在这儿了!” 如果我们可以对棘突有更多了解,科学家可能就可以制造出药物来制止棘突工作。那样就可以阻止病毒进入人体了。 这些棘突在另一方面也被研究, 因为可帮助制造疫苗。你以前大概听说过这个 词,多数是在打针的时候。虽然打针并不是一件令人向往的事,但疫苗可以有效地使人们保持健康。 疫苗的基本概念是:将这种药物注入身体后,身体就会产生超强反应。如果人体再次遭遇这种病毒,因为已有充分准备,身体就会更好地抵御病毒的侵入。 很多科学家正在研究 COVID-19…

Una Guía Para Niños Sobre COVID-19

(Deutsch | English | 中文 | 한국어) * * * Vamos a empezar con esto: Probablemente esta es una palabra que escuchas a adultos decir mucho, pero probablemente también para ti sea un misterio. Hay muchas maneras de explicar esta palabra tan graciosa, pero comencemos diciéndote que es la razón por la cual actualmente tanta gente se queda en su casa, porqué tu escuela podría estar cerrada y porqué la gente dice que es mejor no jugar con tus amigos. También es por eso que tus seres queridos te siguen diciendo que te laves las manos y que seas especialmente…

어린이들을 위한 COVID-19의 이야기

(Deutsch  | English | Español | 中文) * * * 이 단어를 보면 무엇을 떠올리나요? 요즘 여러분들은 사람들에게 이 단어를 많이 듣고 있을 겁니다. 이 재미있는 단어를 여러 가지 방법으로 설명할 수 있어요. 일단 현재 많은 사람들이 집에 머무르는 이유, 학교가 잠시 문을 닫는 이유, 사람들이 친구들과 놀지 않는 것이 더 좋다고 말하는 이유로부터 시작하겠습니다 . 이 “무언가” 때문에 사람들이 손을 깨끗이 씻고 특히 노인분들과 조심하라고 계속 말하죠. COVID-19는 쉽게 말해서 사람을 아프게 할 수 있는 질병입니다. 그리고 그 질병의 원인은 바이러스로 알려져 있습니다. 우리 주변에 오리, 닭 및 올빼미처럼 많고 다양한 새들이 있는 것처럼 바이러스에도 많은 종류가 있습니다. 아직 학교에서 바이러스에…

INTEGRINS AND THE SOCIAL NETWORK OF CELLS

(Art by Armin Mortazavi) When imagining a cell, it’s often easy to think of it as a lone entity, a single squishy bubble of fluid. However, cells are actually incredibly complex, and they can organize in ways to form many types of structures and ultimately whole living organisms like a tree, a bird, or even our own bodies! Understanding how these cells interact and get together is key to understanding how different cells make different structures – like how bones are different from skin for instance. Knowing this also reveals how cells talk to one another. And just as we…

KINESIN: THE LITTLE ENGINE THAT COULD

(Art by Armin Mortazavi) When we are learning about cells and how they function, we are often confronted with large, circular blob-like things that contain several different internal structures for us to memorize. It may be tempting to dismissively think of cells as being nothing more than these simple, two dimensional objects (after all, they are commonly referred to as “the most basic units of life”). However, closer inspection reveals that cells are extremely dynamic, and their daily activities are far more exciting and complicated than first appearances may suggest. Cells operate like tiny machines and their inner workings are…

PLANTS: AMAZING PHYTO-PHARMACIES

(Art by Armin Mortazavi) Some of the best chemical engineers in the world don’t have a university degree. The most prolific institutions (if they can be called that) don’t have professors or laboratories. The chemicals themselves boast more complicated architectures than humans could imagine. The working conditions are dirty and crowded, but somehow the immobile chemists still succeed. These thriving chemical production plants, in every sense of the word, are forests. Some phytochemicals (compounds synthesized by plants) that nature has so elegantly engineered are also life-saving medicines. Take Taxol, a compound originally isolated from the bark of Pacific yew trees.…